Saint Teresa of Ávila / Las Moradas
Fifth Dwelling.
Chapter 2.
About this chapter
Teresa describes a transformation in which life begins to rest in Christ and the soul’s desires change. Letting go of attachments prepares it to love and serve more wholeheartedly, even as the peace received coexists with new restlessness and suffering.
Editorial summary from the website; it is not part of Saint Teresa’s text.Adapted: an editorial English translation of the website’s Spanish adaptation. Original: Saint Teresa’s Spanish text (1577), preserved without translation.
Adapted text
Fifth Dwelling
Chapter 2 | Adapted text
Perhaps you think everything that can be said about this mansion has already been said, but much remains. As I have said, not all souls experience these favors in the same way: some receive more, and others less.
I do not think I can say much more about union itself. But when a soul prepares to receive these favors from God, there is much to say about what the Lord does within it.
I will say a few things, continuing in the manner I have used so far.
To make this easier to understand, I will use a comparison. It will help us see something important: God brings about this union, and we cannot produce it by our own strength. But we can prepare ourselves for His Majesty to grant us this favor.
You will have heard of the wonders seen in the way silk is produced. Only God could have devised such a thing.
They say it all begins with a very small seed, like little peppercorns. I have never seen it; I have only heard about it. So if I am mistaken in anything, it is not my fault.
When the weather grows warm and leaves begin to appear on the mulberry trees, that seed begins to live. Before it has this food to sustain it, it seems dead.
Then these worms are fed on mulberry leaves. Once they have grown, little branches are provided for them. There, with their tiny mouths, they spin the silk themselves and make very tight cocoons in which they shut themselves away.
Then that large, ugly worm dies, and from the same cocoon comes a very beautiful little white butterfly.
But if we did not see this with our own eyes, and were only told about it as something that happened long ago, who could believe it?
How could human reasoning alone explain that so small and unthinking a creature as a worm or a bee works with such diligence and skill for our benefit? And how could we believe that the poor little worm even loses its life in that work?
This is enough for a good while of meditation, sisters, even if I say no more. In it you can consider the wonders and wisdom of our God.
What, then, would it be like if we knew the nature and properties of all things? It does us much good to occupy ourselves in thinking about these great things, and to rejoice in being brides of so wise and powerful a King.
Let us return to what I was saying.
This worm begins to live when, through the warmth of the Holy Spirit, the soul begins to make use of the help God gives to everyone.
It also begins to use the remedies the Lord left in His Church: frequent confession, good reading, and sermons. These are the means available to a soul that was as though dead through its carelessness and sins, and was also caught in situations that could lead it to fall.
Then the soul begins to live. It feeds on these means and on good meditations, until it grows.
And it is this last point that I wish to explain now. The rest is less necessary for my purpose.
When this worm has grown, as I explained at the beginning of what I have been writing, it begins to spin its silk and build the house in which it must die.
By this house, here, I mean Christ.
I think I have read or heard somewhere that our life is hidden in Christ, or in God, which amounts to the same thing; or that our life is Christ. That is, the soul no longer lives primarily from itself, but from Christ: its life is within Him, sustained by Him and kept safe in God.
But whether it is worded exactly like this does not matter much for what I want to explain.
See, then, daughters, what we can do with God's favor: we can prepare ourselves for His Majesty Himself to be our dwelling, as He is in this prayer of union.
In saying this, it might seem that I am saying we can take something away from God or add something to Him, since I say that He is the dwelling and that we can build it in order to enter it.
And we can indeed do this, but not by taking anything away from God or adding anything to Him. Rather, we take away and add within ourselves, as these little worms do. That is, we remove what obstructs us and introduce what helps us.
And when we have done everything we can in this small task, which in truth is nothing, God will unite it with His greatness and give it such value that the Lord Himself will be the reward of this work.
And just as He was the one who contributed what was greatest and most costly, He also wishes to join our little labors to the great sufferings His Majesty endured, so that everything may become one.
So, my daughters, let us quickly set to work and weave this little cocoon.
Let us do so by removing from ourselves self-love, self-will, and attachment to anything earthly. And let us put in their place works of penance, prayer, mortification, obedience, and everything else you already know.
If only we acted according to what we know and what we have been taught to do!
Let this worm die, let it die, as it dies when it finishes what it was created to do. Then you will see how we see God and how deeply we find ourselves within His greatness, just as this little worm is enclosed within its cocoon.
But understand that when I say “see God,” I mean seeing Him as I explained before: not with bodily eyes, but in the way God makes Himself felt in this prayer of union.
Let us now see what happens to this worm, for this is why I have said everything above.
When it is in prayer, well and truly dead to the world, a little white butterfly comes out of it.
Oh, the greatness of God! This is how the soul emerges after having spent a little time within God's greatness and so closely united with Him. And I say “a little time” because, in my opinion, this prayer never lasts even half an hour.
I tell you truly that the soul no longer recognizes itself. Just as there is a great difference between an ugly worm and a little white butterfly, so there is a great difference in the soul.
It does not know where so much good could have come from. I say “where it could have come from” because it knows well that it does not deserve it.
It finds within itself so great a desire to praise the Lord that it would like to be consumed for Him and die for Him a thousand times. Then desires to endure great hardships for Him arise, and it cannot help them.
It also develops immense desires for penance, for solitude, and for everyone to know God. From this comes great sorrow at seeing God offended.
These things will be discussed in greater detail in the next mansion. For although what happens in this mansion and the next is very similar, the strength of the effects is very different.
As I have already said, if after God comes to a soul in this way it strives to move forward, it will see great things.
Oh, seeing this little butterfly's restlessness is reason to praise God! For never in its life had it been more still and peaceful, and now it does not know where to alight or make its home.
Having had so lofty an experience of God, everything it sees on earth leaves it dissatisfied. This happens especially when God gives it this wine often, because almost every one of these favors leaves it with new gains.
The works it did when it was a worm, slowly weaving its cocoon, no longer seem much to it. Now it has grown wings. How could it be content to walk step by step when it can already fly?
Everything it can do for God seems little compared with its desires. Nor do the saints' sufferings seem excessive to it, because it now knows by experience how the Lord helps and transforms a soul, until it no longer seems the same or retains its former appearance.
The weakness it once thought it had for doing penance has now turned into strength. And the attachments it once had to relatives, friends, or possessions, which no acts, decisions, or attempts at detachment had been enough to overcome, it now sees differently.
It even grieves to have to attend to certain earthly obligations, although they are necessary if it is not to fail God. Everything wearies it, because it has already tasted the truth that creatures cannot give it real rest.
I seem to be going on at length, and I could still say much more. Anyone who has received this favor from God will see that I am, rather, saying too little.
So it is no wonder that this little butterfly seeks a new place to rest, because it already feels new and different in relation to earthly things.
But where will the poor little thing go? It cannot return on its own to the place from which it emerged, because, as has already been said, receiving this favor again is not in our power, however much we do, until God wishes to grant it to us once more.
Oh Lord, what new hardships begin for this soul! Who would have thought that after so lofty a favor, such hardships would come?
In one way or another, while we live there must always be a cross.
And if someone said that after reaching this point they always live in rest and delight, I would say they had never truly reached this mansion. Perhaps they experienced some spiritual pleasure, if they entered the previous mansion, possibly helped by their natural weakness, or even by the devil, who sometimes gives an apparent peace in order to wage a much greater war afterward.
I do not mean that those who reach this point have no peace. They do, and very great peace.
What happens is that these very hardships are so valuable and spring from so good a root that, however great they may be, peace and contentment arise from them.
The very dissatisfaction the things of the world cause produces in the soul a painfully strong desire to leave it. Its only relief is the thought that God wishes it to continue living in this exile.
And even that is not entirely enough, because despite all these gains, the soul is not yet as surrendered to God's will as we shall see later. It does conform to His will, but with much sorrow, because it can do no more. It has not yet been given greater grace to surrender completely, and so it sheds many tears.
Whenever it prays, this is its sorrow.
Perhaps this sorrow comes partly from the great pain it feels at seeing God offended and held in so little esteem in this world, and at seeing so many souls lost, both those of heretics and those of Moors.
But the souls that hurt it most are those of Christians. For although it knows that God's mercy is great and that, however badly they live, they can amend their lives and be saved, it fears that many will be condemned.
Oh, the greatness of God! A few years earlier, and perhaps only a few days earlier, this soul thought of nothing but itself. Who, then, has now drawn it into such painful concerns?
Even if we wished to spend many years meditating on these things, we could never feel them as deeply as this soul now does.
For, God help me, if for many days and years I strive to think of the great evil of offending God, of how those who are condemned are His children and my brothers and sisters, of the dangers in which we live, and of how much it would benefit us to leave this miserable life, would that not be enough to feel this sorrow?
No, daughters, it is not enough.
The sorrow felt here is not like the sorrows we can produce through meditation. We could indeed feel that kind of sorrow, with the Lord's favor, by thinking much about these things.
But it does not reach the soul's innermost depths as this sorrow does. This seems to undo the soul and crush it within, without the soul seeking it, and sometimes even against its will.
What, then, is this? Where does it come from?
I will tell you.
Have you not heard what I have already said on another occasion, although not for this same purpose, about the Bride in the Song of Songs? God brings her into the wine cellar and sets love in order within her.
Well, this is what happens here.
Since the soul now gives itself into God's hands, and great love has so surrendered it that it knows and wishes nothing except for God to do with it as He wills, the Lord wishes it to leave there marked with His seal, although it does not understand how this happens.
And I think God never grants this favor except to a soul He already takes very much as His own.
For in truth, the soul there does no more than wax does when someone impresses a seal upon it. The wax does not stamp itself; it is merely prepared, that is, soft.
And even that preparation is not something it achieves by itself. It does not soften itself, but remains still and consents to what God does.
Oh, God's goodness: everything must be at His expense! He wants only our will, and that there should be no obstacle in the wax.
See, then, sisters, what our God does here so that this soul may recognize itself as His: He gives it something of what He Himself has, what His Son had in this life.
He cannot grant us a greater favor.
Who could have desired to leave this life more than Christ? And yet, at the Supper, He said: “With desire I have desired.”
We might then say to Him:
“Lord, how could You not think of the terrible death You were about to suffer?”
But no. For His great love and desire for souls to be saved surpassed those pains beyond all comparison.
And the immense sufferings He had endured and continued to endure since coming into the world were so great that, beside them, the sufferings of His death seemed nothing to Him.
I have often considered this.
I know a certain soul who has endured and still endures great torment at seeing our Lord offended. It is a sorrow so unbearable that she would rather die than continue suffering it.
And then I think: if a soul with so little charity compared with Christ's—a charity that scarcely counts beside His—feels such unbearable torment, what must our Lord Jesus Christ have felt?
What life must He have lived, with all things present to Him and the great offenses against His Father continually before His eyes?
Without doubt, I believe those inward sufferings were far greater than those of His most sacred Passion.
For in the Passion, Christ could already see the end of those hardships. He saw that through His death He was bringing us healing and salvation. He also saw that by suffering so much for love of His Father, He was showing Him the extent of His obedience and love.
All this would have moderated His pains, as also happens here on earth with those who undertake great penances out of great love. They scarcely feel them; on the contrary, they wish to do more and more, and everything seems little to them.
What, then, must it have meant to His Majesty to have so great an opportunity to show His Father how perfectly He fulfilled His obedience and how much He loved His neighbor?
Oh, what great delight: to suffer in order to do God's will!
But to see so many offenses committed against His Majesty so continually, and to see so many souls going to hell, I consider something exceedingly hard.
I believe that if Christ were only a man, a single day of that sorrow would have been enough to end many lives, let alone one.
Original text (1577)
Quinta Morada
Capítulo 2 | Texto original (1577)
Pareceros ha que ya está todo dicho lo que hay que ver en esta morada, y falta mucho, porque -como dije- hay más y menos. Cuanto a lo que es unión, no creo sabré decir más; mas cuando el alma a quien Dios hace estas mercedes se dispone, hay muchas cosas que decir de lo que el Señor obra en ella. Algunas diré y de la manera que queda. Para darlo mejor a entender, me quiero aprovechar de una comparación que es buena para este fin, y también para que veamos cómo, aunque en esta obra que hace el Señor no podemos hacer nada, mas para que Su Majestad nos haga esta merced, podemos hacer mucho disponiéndonos.
Ya habréis oído sus maravillas en cómo se cría la seda, que solo él pudo hacer semejante invención, y cómo de una simiente, que dicen que es a manera de granos de pimienta pequeños (que yo nunca la he visto, sino oído, y así algo fuere torcido no es mía la culpa), con el calor, en comenzando a haber hoja en los morales, comienza esta simiente a vivir; que hasta que hay este mantenimiento de que se sustentan, se está muerta; y con hojas de moral se crían, hasta que después, de grandes, les ponen unas ramillas y allí con las boquillas van de sí mismos hilando la seda y hacen unos capuchillos muy apretados adonde se encierran; y acaba este gusano que es grande y feo, y sale del mismo capucho una mariposica blanca, muy graciosa.
Mas si esto no se viese, sino que nos lo contaran de otros tiempos, ¿quién lo pudiera creer? ¿Ni con qué razones pudiéramos sacar que una cosa tan sin razón como es un gusano y una abeja, sean tan diligentes en trabajar para nuestro provecho y con tanta industria, y el pobre gusanillo pierda la vida en la demanda? Para un rato de meditación basta esto, hermanas, aunque no os diga más, que en ello podéis considerar las maravillas y sabiduría de nuestro Dios. Pues, ¿qué será si supiésemos la propiedad de todas las cosas? De gran provecho es ocuparnos en pensar estas grandezas y regalarnos en ser esposas de Rey tan sabio y poderoso.
Tornemos a lo que decía. Entonces comienza a tener vida este gusano, cuando con el calor del Espíritu Santo se comienza a aprovechar del auxilio general que a todos nos da Dios y cuando comienza a aprovecharse de los remedios que dejó en su Iglesia, así de continuar las confesiones, como con buenas lecciones y sermones, que es el remedio que un alma que está muerta en su descuido y pecados y metida en ocasiones puede tener. Entonces comienza a vivir y vase sustentando en esto y en buenas meditaciones, hasta que está crecida, que es lo que a mí me hace al caso, que estotro poco importa.
Pues crecido este gusano -que es lo que en los principios queda dicho de esto que he escrito- , comienza a labrar la seda y edificar la casa adonde ha de morir. Esta casa querría dar a entender aquí que es Cristo. En una parte me parece he leído u oído que nuestra vida está escondida en Cristo, o en Dios, que todo es uno, o que nuestra vida es Cristo. En que esto sea o no, poco va para mi propósito.
Pues veis aquí, hijas, lo que podemos con el favor de Dios hacer: que Su Majestad mismo sea nuestra morada, como lo es en esta oración de unión, labrándola nosotras. Parece que quiero decir que podemos quitar y poner en Dios, pues digo que Él es la morada y la podemos nosotras fabricar para meternos en ella. Y ¡cómo si podemos!, no quitar de Dios ni poner, sino quitar de nosotros y poner, como hacen estos gusanitos; que no habremos acabado de hacer en esto todo lo que podemos, cuando este trabajillo, que no es nada, junte Dios con su grandeza y le dé tan gran valor que el mismo Señor sea el premio de esta obra. Y así como ha sido el que ha puesto la mayor costa, así quiere juntar nuestros trabajillos con los grandes que padeció Su Majestad y que todo sea una cosa.
Pues ¡ea, hijas mías!, prisa a hacer esta labor y tejer este capuchillo, quitando nuestro amor propio y nuestra voluntad, el estar asidas a ninguna cosa de la tierra, poniendo obras de penitencia, oración, mortificación, obediencia, todo lo demás que sabéis; que ¡así obrásemos como sabemos y somos enseñadas de lo que hemos de hacer! ¡Muera, muera este gusano, como lo hace en acabando de hacer para lo que fue criado!, y veréis cómo vemos a Dios y nos vemos tan metidas en su grandeza como lo está este gusanillo en este capucho. Mirad que digo ver a Dios, como dejo dicho que se da a sentir en esta manera de unión.
Pues veamos qué se hace este gusano, que es para lo que he dicho todo lo demás, que cuando está en oración, bien muerto está al mundo, sale una mariposita blanca. ¡Oh grandeza de Dios, y cuál sale una alma de aquí, de haber estado un poquito metida en la grandeza de Dios y tan junta con Él, que a mi parecer nunca llega a media hora! Yo os digo de verdad que la misma alma no se conoce a sí; porque, mirad la diferencia que hay de un gusano feo a una mariposica blanca, que la misma hay acá. No sabe de dónde pudo merecer tanto bien -de dónde le pudo venir, quise decir, que bien sabe que no le merece-; vese con un deseo de alabar al Señor, que se querría deshacer, y de morir por Él mil muertes. Luego le comienza a tener de padecer grandes trabajos, sin poder hacer otra cosa. Los deseos de penitencia grandísimos, el de soledad, el de que todos conociesen a Dios; y de aquí le viene una pena grande de ver que es ofendido. Y aunque en la morada que viene se tratará más de estas cosas en particular, porque aunque casi lo que hay en esta morada y en la que viene después es todo uno, es muy diferente la fuerza de los efectos; porque -como he dicho- si después que Dios llega a un alma aquí se esfuerza a ir adelante, verá grandes cosas.
¡Oh, pues ver el desasosiego de esta mariposita, con no haber estado más quieta y sosegada en su vida, es cosa para alabar a Dios! Y es que no sabe adónde posar y hacer su asiento, que como le ha tenido tal, todo lo que ve en la tierra le descontenta, en especial cuando son muchas las veces que le da Dios de este vino ; casi de cada una queda con nuevas ganancias. Ya no tiene en nada las obras que hacía siendo gusano, que era poco a poco tejer el capucho; hanle nacido alas, ¿cómo se ha de contentar, pudiendo volar, de andar paso a paso? Todo se le hace poco cuanto puede hacer por Dios, según son sus deseos. No tiene en mucho lo que pasaron los santos, entendiendo ya por experiencia cómo ayuda el Señor y transforma un alma, que no parece ella ni su figura.
Porque la flaqueza que antes le parecía tener para hacer penitencia, ya la halla fuerte; el atamiento con deudos o amigos o hacienda (que ni le bastaban actos, ni determinaciones, ni quererse apartar, que entonces le parecía se hallaba más junta), ya se ve de manera que le pesa estar obligada a lo que, para no ir contra Dios, es menester hacer. Todo le cansa, porque ha probado que el verdadero descanso no le pueden dar las criaturas.
Parece que me alargo, y mucho más podría decir, y a quien Dios hubiere hecho esta merced verá que quedo corta; y así no hay que espantar que esta mariposilla busque asiento de nuevo, así como se halla nueva de las cosas de la tierra. Pues, ¿adónde irá la pobrecica? Que tornar adonde salió no puede, que -como está dicho- no es en nuestra mano, aunque más hagamos, hasta que es Dios servido de tornarnos a hacer esta merced. Oh Señor, y qué nuevos trabajos comienzan a esta alma. ¿Quién dijera tal después de merced tan subida? En fin, fin, de una manera o de otra ha de haber cruz mientras vivimos, y quien dijere que, después que llegó aquí, siempre está con descanso y regalo, diría yo que nunca llegó, sino que por ventura fue algún gusto, si entró en la morada pasada, y ayudado de flaqueza natural, y aun, por ventura, del demonio, que le da paz para hacerle después mucha mayor guerra.
No quiero decir que no tienen paz los que llegan aquí, que sí tienen y muy grande; porque los mismos trabajos son de tanto valor y de tan buena raíz que, con serlo muy grandes, de ellos mismos sale la paz y el contento. Del mismo descontento que dan las cosas del mundo nace un deseo de salir de él tan penoso, que si algún alivio tiene es pensar que quiere Dios viva en este destierro, y aun no basta, porque aun el alma con todas estas ganancias no está tan rendida en la voluntad de Dios, como se verá adelante, aunque no deja de conformarse; mas es con un gran sentimiento, que no puede más, porque no le han dado más, y con muchas lágrimas. Cada vez que tiene oración es esta su pena. En alguna manera quizá procede de la muy grande que le da de ver que es ofendido Dios y poco estimado en este mundo y de las muchas almas que se pierden, así de herejes como de moros; aunque las que más la lastiman son las de los cristianos, que aunque ve es grande la misericordia de Dios, que por mal que vivan se pueden enmendar y salvarse, teme que se condenan muchos.
¡Oh grandeza de Dios!, que pocos años antes estaba esa alma, y aun quizá días, que no se acordaba sino de sí, ¿quién la ha metido en tan penosos cuidados? Que aunque queramos tener muchos años de meditación, tan penosamente como ahora esta alma lo siente no lo podremos sentir. Pues ¡válgame Dios!, si muchos días y años yo me procuro ejercitar en el gran mal que es ser Dios ofendido y pensar que estos que se condenan son hijos suyos y hermanos míos, y los peligros en que vivimos, cuán bien nos está salir de esta miserable vida, ¿no bastará? Que no, hijas, no es la pena que se siente aquí como las de acá; que eso bien podríamos con el favor del Señor tenerla, pensando mucho esto; mas no llega a lo íntimo de las entrañas como aquí, que parece desmenuza un alma y la muele, sin procurarlo ella y aun a veces sin quererlo. Pues, ¿qué es esto? ¿De dónde procede? Yo os lo diré.
¿No habéis oído -que ya aquí lo he dicho otra vez, aunque no a este propósito- de la Esposa, que la metió Dios a la bodega del vino y ordenó en ella la caridad? Pues esto es; que como aquel alma ya se entrega en sus manos y el gran amor la tiene tan rendida que no sabe ni quiere más de que haga Dios lo que quisiere de ella (que jamás hará Dios, a lo que yo pienso, esta merced sino a alma que ya toma muy por suya), quiere que, sin que ella entienda cómo, salga de allí sellada con su sello. Porque verdaderamente el alma allí no hace más que la cera cuando imprime otro el sello, que la cera no se le imprime a sí, solo está dispuesta, digo blanda; y aun para esta disposición tampoco se ablanda ella, sino que se está queda y lo consiente. ¡Oh bondad de Dios, que todo ha de ser a vuestra costa! Solo queréis nuestra voluntad y que no haya impedimento en la cera.
Pues veis aquí, hermanas, lo que nuestro Dios hace aquí para que esta alma ya se conozca por suya; da de lo que tiene, que es lo que tuvo su Hijo en esta vida; no nos puede hacer mayor merced. ¿Quién más debía querer salir de esta vida? Y así lo dijo Su Majestad en la Cena: «Con deseo he deseado».
Pues ¿cómo, Señor, no se os puso delante la trabajosa muerte que habéis de morir tan penosa y espantosa? No; porque el grande amor que tengo y deseo de que se salven las almas sobrepuja sin comparación a esas penas; y las muy grandísimas que he padecido y padezco, después que estoy en el mundo, son bastantes para no tener esas en nada en su comparación.
Es así que muchas veces he considerado en esto, y sabiendo yo el tormento que pasa y ha pasado cierta alma que conozco de ver ofender a nuestro Señor, tan insufridero que se quisiera mucho más morir que sufrirla, y pensando si una alma con tan poquísima caridad, comparada a la de Cristo, que se puede decir casi ninguna en esta comparación, sentía este tormento tan insufridero, ¿qué sería el sentimiento de nuestro Señor Jesucristo, y qué vida debía pasar, pues todas las cosas le eran presentes y estaba siempre viendo las grandes ofensas que se hacían a su Padre?
Sin duda creo yo que fueron muy mayores que las de su sacratísima Pasión; porque entonces ya veía el fin de estos trabajos, y con esto y con el contento de ver nuestro remedio con su muerte y de mostrar el amor que tenía a su Padre en padecer tanto por él, moderaría los dolores, como acaece acá a los que con fuerza de amor hacen grandes penitencias, que no las sienten casi, antes querrían hacer más y más, y todo se le hace poco. Pues ¿qué sería a Su Majestad, viéndose en tan gran ocasión para mostrar a su Padre cuán cumplidamente cumplía el obedecerle, y con el amor del prójimo? ¡Oh gran deleite, padecer en hacer la voluntad de Dios! Mas en ver tan continuo tantas ofensas a Su Majestad hechas, e ir tantas almas al infierno, téngolo por cosa recia, que creo, si no fuera más de hombre, un día de aquella pena bastaba para acabar muchas vidas, ¡cuánto más una!
